淺析中空玻璃節能原理及實際運用

隨著我國基礎設施和城鎮建設的發展，對建筑節能的要求越來越高，其中中空玻璃產品在建筑節能中發揮著重要的作用，中空玻璃的質量問題也越來越受到關注。隨著人們生活水平的日益提高，加工玻璃的應用越來越被人們所重視，中空玻璃以其獨特的隔熱、節能特性被廣使用。但由于許多消費者對中空玻璃的性能和特點缺乏的了解，在選擇和應用時不盡合理，貴州防火玻璃廠家本(ben)文詳細介(jie)紹(shao)節能的中空玻璃及其(qi)選用方面(mian)的有關問題(ti)。

1. 中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃的結(jie)構組成(cheng)和(he)節能原理

中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)是(shi)由兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)片或多(duo)片玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)加(jia)工產品。四周(zhou)用(yong)強度(du)高氣(qi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)性(xing)復合膠(jiao)粘劑(ji)將玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)及(ji)鋁合金框(kuang)和(he)橡(xiang)皮條、玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)條粘結、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)，中間(jian)充入干燥(zao)氣(qi)體，還可以(yi)涂(tu)上不同(tong)顏(yan)色或不同(tong)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)膜，框(kuang)內(nei)充以(yi)干燥(zao)劑(ji)，以(yi)保持玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)原片間(jian)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干燥(zao)度(du)。中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣是(shi)用(yong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)膠(jiao)嚴(yan)格密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)內(nei)腔有干燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)或充有惰性(xing)氣(qi)體，該部分氣(qi)體被長期密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)在(zai)腔內(nei)，無法與外界空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)進(jin)行對流，中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)不會因(yin)(yin)為玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)間(jian)氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)對流而帶走熱量(liang)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)是(shi)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)不好(hao)導體，用(yong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)氣(qi)體隔(ge)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)相互(hu)熱傳(chuan)導很少，從(cong)而起到良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)熱作用(yong)。在(zai)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)邊出現較(jiao)大(da)溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)時，單(dan)片玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個表面(mian)不會有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)，因(yin)(yin)此不會產生結霜、結露的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。由于中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱絕緣性(xing)能(neng)，國外稱(cheng)它為“隔(ge)熱玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)”。

中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)和普通雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)有著本質的(de)(de)區別。兩(liang)者(zhe)本質的(de)(de)區別是(shi)(shi)(shi)前者(zhe)密(mi)封(feng)，后(hou)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)密(mi)封(feng)。正是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)密(mi)封(feng)使(shi)得灰塵、水汽(qi)很容(rong)易(yi)進入玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)內(nei)腔，水汽(qi)遇冷結(jie)霜、遇熱(re)結(jie)露(lu)，附著在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)內(nei)表(biao)面的(de)(de)灰塵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)清理(li)，安裝使(shi)用不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久，就會(hui)使(shi)窗戶的(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)模(mo)糊一(yi)(yi)片，污穢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堪。當然(ran)，雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定限度(du)上也(ye)能(neng)起隔(ge)音(yin)、隔(ge)熱(re)作用，但(dan)性能(neng)卻和中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)相差(cha)很遠。中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)，中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)內(nei)腔氣體的(de)(de)壓力基本與(yu)(yu)外(wai)界一(yi)(yi)樣，否則容(rong)易(yi)造成玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)破碎。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)兩(liang)片玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)四周密(mi)閉起來，將(jiang)其間(jian)隙抽成真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)，兩(liang)片玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)之間(jian)的(de)(de)間(jian)隙為0.1～0.2mm，中間(jian)用粒子隔(ge)開(kai)。真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)兩(liang)片玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)有一(yi)(yi)片是(shi)(shi)(shi)膜面向里(li)的(de)(de)低輻(fu)射(she)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)，減低兩(liang)片玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)之間(jian)的(de)(de)輻(fu)射(she)換熱(re)，這樣通過真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)散失的(de)(de)熱(re)能(neng)降低到(dao)至低，其隔(ge)熱(re)原(yuan)理(li)與(yu)(yu)保(bao)溫瓶(ping)的(de)(de)保(bao)溫隔(ge)熱(re)原(yuan)理(li)相同。

貴州防火玻璃廠家根據中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料(liao)和(he)結構也不(bu)盡(jin)相同(tong)(tong)。如在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)地(di)(di)區(qu)，全年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)溫較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高，光照時(shi)間較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)時(shi)，較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)慮(lv)是控(kong)制外部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)能夠(gou)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少地(di)(di)進入室內，在(zai)(zai)選擇中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原片(pian)時(shi)，會多地(di)(di)考(kao)慮(lv)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鍍膜玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li);在(zai)(zai)北方(fang)地(di)(di)區(qu)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是采(cai)暖和(he)保(bao)溫，所以(yi)就會較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多地(di)(di)考(kao)慮(lv)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)透明玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)作中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原片(pian)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)需要控(kong)制噪(zao)音的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)，就需要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三層或充氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)，以(yi)達到使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品品種(zhong)也有了較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)也隨著增加。如幕墻用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li);汽(qi)車、火(huo)車用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li);電器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li);裝飾用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(包括鑲嵌(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)、彩晶(jing)立線中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li))等(deng)等(deng)。這些產品，雖然由(you)于用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料(liao)不(bu)盡(jin)相同(tong)(tong)，但基本組(zu)成是相同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即：

(1)各樣玻璃，包括白玻，顏色玻璃、鍍膜玻璃及二次加工的玻璃如鋼化玻璃、夾層玻璃(li)(li)等等;平(ping)板玻璃(li)(li)及其(qi)深加工(gong)產品(pin)，是構成中空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的基本成分。

(2)中間間隔氣體，包括干燥的空氣和一些特殊惰性氣體如氬氣、氪氣及六氟化硫，一般根據需要和產品品種不同，充入的惰性氣體也不同。貴州防火玻璃廠家氬氣(qi)和氪氣(qi)主要起隔(ge)(ge)熱作用而(er)六氟(fu)化硫主要起隔(ge)(ge)音作用;密封劑對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、邊(bian)部進(jin)行密封，盡可能少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)進(jin)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部，延長中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)失效時間;干燥(zao)劑保(bao)(bao)持將密封在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)吸附干凈，并(bing)吸附隨著時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推移而(er)進(jin)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)，保(bao)(bao)證中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命;隔(ge)(ge)條控制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)、外(wai)兩(liang)片(pian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間距，并(bing)控制(zhi)外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)在這一部分被隔(ge)(ge)開(kai)，保(bao)(bao)持中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)具有合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)間層(ceng)厚(hou)度和使用壽命。

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