貴州防火玻璃廠家為您介紹關于中空玻璃的充氣知識

中空玻璃充惰性氣體利于同時改良密封壽命和降低熱對流，而充氣中空玻璃所要的初始充氣濃度和氣密性，是解決這兩方面問題的基本保證。貴州防火玻璃廠家將(jiang)討論提(ti)高充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)濃度(du)所(suo)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關問題，如(ru)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)生產過程控制和(he)產品質量檢測，旨(zhi)在幫助那些(xie)已經對中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)但濃度(du)低(di)于90％和(he)那些(xie)正(zheng)在考慮上中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)廠家選(xuan)擇正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)設備(bei)。

1充氣的基本知識

一般(ban)說來，充氣(qi)中空(kong)玻璃(li)所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)惰性氣(qi)體為氬氣(qi)，具有無(wu)(wu)色、無(wu)(wu)味、無(wu)(wu)毒的(de)特(te)點(dian)，其分子量較空(kong)氣(qi)重38％，導熱系(xi)數比空(kong)氣(qi)小。

由于氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)密度(du)比空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)大，因此(ci)，在中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)時(shi)，氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)充(chong)（進）氣(qi)(qi)孔在下端、空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)出（排）氣(qi)(qi)孔在上端，以置換出中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃內的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，達到(dao)所需要(yao)的(de)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)濃(nong)度(du)。

中(zhong)(zhong)空玻璃的充氣過程(cheng)實(shi)質上是流(liu)動氣體從一種運動狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉移到另(ling)一種狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的過程(cheng)，充氣質量(liang)高與否和(he)(he)氣體產生層(ceng)流(liu)（laminar）抑或是紊流(liu)（turbulence）有關。因此(ci)，討(tao)論(lun)中(zhong)(zhong)空玻璃充氣質量(liang)不能(neng)離對于層(ceng)流(liu)和(he)(he)紊流(liu)基本概念的討(tao)論(lun)。

層流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)共同作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與理(li)想(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)區別是微團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)除慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外，還有(you)粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。根據(ju)這兩種力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，它們對流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)微團(tuan)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響是不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)。按照定義，粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是阻止流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)微團(tuan)發生相對運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)與粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)正好相反，因此在粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為決定于(yu)這兩種力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。在粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)遠(yuan)大(da)于(yu)慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)條件下，氣(qi)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)生層流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，反之，在慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)遠(yuan)大(da)于(yu)粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)時，氣(qi)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)生紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。

直(zhi)觀(guan)地看(kan)，作為流(liu)體(ti)運動的(de)(de)一種(zhong)簡單(dan)圖像(xiang)，層(ceng)(ceng)流(liu)可(ke)以看(kan)成是彼(bi)此(ci)(ci)相鄰、并且具有“確(que)定物質意義”的(de)(de)流(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)，或者(zhe)說是不存在相互串動的(de)(de)“流(liu)體(ti)線元”，進行滑移(yi)運動的(de)(de)一種(zhong)延伸。簡單(dan)地說，層(ceng)(ceng)流(liu)就是流(liu)體(ti)的(de)(de)分層(ceng)(ceng)流(liu)動。此(ci)(ci)時(shi)，運動中流(liu)體(ti)承受牛頓(dun)粘性(xing)應力，與固體(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)反抗彼(bi)此(ci)(ci)滑移(yi)運動的(de)(de)力學機制(zhi)沒(mei)有本質差異。紊(wen)流(liu)的(de)(de)基本特點是有渦性(xing)、不規則性(xing)、隨機性(xing)、擴散性(xing)和(he)耗散性(xing)，中空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃是一種(zhong)由(you)大小不等、頻率不同(tong)的(de)(de)旋(xuan)渦結構組成，使其物理(li)量對(dui)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)變化均表現出不規則的(de)(de)隨機性(xing)。

目前，我國中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)不高，在很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度上是由充(chong)氣過(guo)程中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊流(liu)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。假定充(chong)氣設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)器只(zhi)識別(bie)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃排氣孔(kong)處收集到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰(duo)(duo)性(xing)氣體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度，且(qie)充(chong)氣中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層流(liu)和紊流(liu)終給(gei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰(duo)(duo)性(xing)氣體(ti)濃(nong)(nong)度同樣(yang)符合標準要求，人們用(yong)肉眼(yan)又無法(fa)區別(bie)哪片中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰(duo)(duo)性(xing)氣體(ti)在擴散(san)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度走(zou)向。如果采(cai)用(yong)高壓放(fang)電法(fa)對這(zhe)類充(chong)氣中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始濃(nong)(nong)度進行在線檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)，所得出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度就(jiu)會(hui)高出(chu)擴散(san)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)度。結果有兩種：1）如果廠家將存在紊流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品判斷為合格交付客戶或送(song)到實(shi)驗室檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)，擴散(san)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)度就(jiu)會(hui)低于開始測(ce)(ce)試(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度。2）這(zhe)種濃(nong)(nong)度明顯(xian)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃會(hui)困惑(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)廠家，因為產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)并沒缺陷，且(qie)產(chan)品測(ce)(ce)試(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只(zhi)是初始濃(nong)(nong)度。

關于流(liu)(liu)體的層流(liu)(liu)和(he)紊流(liu)(liu)的上(shang)述(shu)表(biao)述(shu)，在于揭開中空(kong)玻(bo)璃充氣過程流(liu)(liu)體運動(dong)狀態轉變過程中出現紊流(liu)(liu)的可能(neng)性及其(qi)特點。

2紊流對充氣過程及濃(nong)度測(ce)量的(de)影(ying)響

充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)產生紊(wen)(wen)流時，中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)腔(qiang)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)不能(neng)被充(chong)(chong)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氬氣(qi)(qi)置(zhi)換(huan)掉，因此，存在(zai)(zai)(zai)紊(wen)(wen)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)很難(nan)達到標準所規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。此外，充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)過程中所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)(wen)流，使(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)仍存在(zai)(zai)(zai)于中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中央位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。當中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)紊(wen)(wen)流現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)排氣(qi)(qi)孔傳(chuan)感器所檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)，一般(ban)說(shuo)來，應高于中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)腔(qiang)體(ti)中央湍(tuan)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，而中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴散需要(yao)6~8小時。如果使(shi)用(yong)該方法進行在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，則(ze)所測(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)明顯高于擴散后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)。因此，我們(men)不能(neng)將這(zhe)種檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)方法作為(wei)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)線(xian)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)手段。否則(ze)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)內出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)紊(wen)(wen)流現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)條件下(xia)，會給(gei)出(chu)(chu)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)人員錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷(duan)。如存在(zai)(zai)(zai)紊(wen)(wen)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)，采用(yong)高壓放(fang)電(dian)法檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)應盡可能(neng)靠近間隔條位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)（見圖4）。按照廠家建議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個測(ce)(ce)量點(dian)，正好避(bi)開了充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)(wen)流氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，即空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，所給(gei)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)為(wei)惰性氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)。因此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)放(fang)置(zhi)6~8小時后，得出(chu)(chu)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)數字(zi)。據(ju)調查，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠家自檢(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)初始濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)90％以上(shang)，但經第(di)三(san)方測(ce)(ce)量實(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)低于90％，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)足70％。通過對這(zhe)些濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)差別大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)密封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，我們(men)很難(nan)能(neng)找出(chu)(chu)密封缺陷，因此，我們(men)推斷(duan)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)這(zhe)種現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因之一，是由于紊(wen)(wen)流造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

但是(shi)，這種(zhong)檢測方(fang)法屬于產(chan)品質量的(de)事后檢測。充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)放置6-8小(xiao)時后，二道(dao)密封膠基本固(gu)化，如果充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的(de)濃度(du)達不(bu)到要求，則(ze)對已充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的(de)返工(gong)是(shi)一件(jian)費時費力(li)的(de)事情(qing)。此外還有兩種(zhong)可能：（1）如果對充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)法不(bu)改進的(de)話，我(wo)們仍無法保證返工(gong)的(de)產(chan)品的(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃度(du)達到要求；（2）采用(yong)普通的(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)法，即(ji)自然充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)強制抽(chou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)法，不(bu)可避(bi)開發生紊流現象，即(ji)使是(shi)隨機抽(chou)查(cha)檢測的(de)玻璃(li)(li)達到濃度(du)要求，除非我(wo)們有充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過程每片(pian)玻璃(li)(li)的(de)實時監控(kong)數字，否(fou)則(ze)，我(wo)們也無法確切(qie)地保證整個批次的(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)玻璃(li)(li)都合格。

由此(ci)可(ke)見，除非(fei)我(wo)們采用的(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備(bei)能(neng)夠有效地(di)避開紊流(liu)出現、抑或始終保持充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過程的(de)穩定的(de)層流(liu)，否則，我(wo)們就(jiu)不能(neng)排(pai)除在線(xian)檢測的(de)濃度的(de)真偽(wei)。進(jin)一步說，在此(ci)條件下，我(wo)們保證充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)的(de)濃度的(de)正(zheng)確方法，只能(neng)是對充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)的(de)生(sheng)產過程進(jin)行控制，而不是產品的(de)質量(liang)控制。

3充氣(qi)中(zhong)空玻璃的生(sheng)產控制

充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制（production process control）概念是，為保持充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻璃(li)(li)生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處于受控(kong)(kong)狀態，對(dui)影響(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)度(du)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)作業(ye)技術和生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析、診(zhen)斷和實(shi)(shi)時(shi)監控(kong)(kong)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用在(zai)于對(dui)生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制進行系統安排，對(dui)直(zhi)接或間(jian)接影響(xiang)(xiang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素進行控(kong)(kong)制并制定實(shi)(shi)施(shi)控(kong)(kong)制計劃，確認過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量。氬氣(qi)(qi)(qi)是無色無味氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，其(qi)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)度(du)不易測量。目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試方法大(da)體(ti)可(ke)以分為兩種(zhong)：（1）傳感器(qi)對(dui)從排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔所(suo)收集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)與所(suo)設置的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃(nong)度(du)相比(bi)較(jiao)，以判斷是否達到要(yao)求(qiu)；（2）傳感器(qi)對(dui)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔所(suo)收集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)與所(suo)設置的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃(nong)度(du)進行動態比(bi)較(jiao)并給出濃(nong)度(du)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)和流(liu)速等實(shi)(shi)時(shi)曲線，不但從濃(nong)度(du)上判斷而且從曲線形狀上判斷，充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際濃(nong)度(du)。二者相比(bi)，由于二種(zhong)方法不只是兩個(ge)(ge)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較(jiao)，而是對(dui)整個(ge)(ge)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)描述。

充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)（quality control）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是事(shi)后性，屬于不(bu)合(he)(he)格(ge)產(chan)品檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。歐洲中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)標準EN1279-6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)控制(zhi)(zhi)實際上(shang)是指(zhi)對(dui)(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)合(he)(he)片(pian)濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量，應(ying)該(gai)理(li)解為(wei)對(dui)(dui)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)(zhi)或檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，而不(bu)是真正意義上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)過程控制(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)初始濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)樣檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)規定，1片(pian)/1000片(pian)/班，至少3片(pian)，當每班充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)不(bu)足(zu)100片(pian)時，抽(chou)(chou)(chou)查1片(pian)。充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需(xu)要大約6~8小(xiao)時才能完全擴散(san)，因(yin)此，對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初始濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)需(xu)在氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體擴散(san)后才能進行。因(yin)此，無論是對(dui)(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在線檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)抑(yi)或是在惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體擴散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6~8小(xiao)時后再(zai)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，都只能是對(dui)(dui)產(chan)品合(he)(he)格(ge)與否的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷。假如這種抽(chou)(chou)(chou)樣檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果是總體不(bu)合(he)(he)格(ge)，則問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現已經為(wei)時過晚。

貴州防火玻璃廠家綜上所(suo)述，造成充氣中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃初始濃(nong)度低的主要原因(yin)在于充氣過程中(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)(xian)的紊流現(xian)(xian)象。對充氣中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃生產控(kong)制(zhi)的意義在于對整個(ge)充氣過程進行實時(shi)監(jian)控(kong)，從而有(you)效地避開中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃充氣過程中(zhong)(zhong)可能出現(xian)(xian)的紊流現(xian)(xian)象，提高(gao)和保(bao)證充氣質量的穩定性。

4智能充氣技術

在(zai)清楚(chu)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)基本原理、充(chong)氣(qi)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)之后(hou)，我們要考(kao)慮(lv)一下主要的(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)技(ji)術和(he)(he)具(ju)體(ti)方(fang)式。概括(kuo)地說(shuo)，選(xuan)擇充(chong)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)可(ke)以從(cong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)技(ji)術特點(dian)(dian)考(kao)慮(lv)。從(cong)與(yu)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)結合(he)的(de)(de)上看(kan)，充(chong)氣(qi)技(ji)術分(fen)為在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)氣(qi)和(he)(he)離線(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)氣(qi)；從(cong)生(sheng)產(chan)自動(dong)化程(cheng)度(du)看(kan)，充(chong)氣(qi)技(ji)術分(fen)為自動(dong)化充(chong)氣(qi)和(he)(he)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)充(chong)氣(qi)。一般說(shuo)來，在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)氣(qi)，顧名思(si)義，是指(zhi)充(chong)氣(qi)工(gong)(gong)藝是在(zai)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上，充(chong)氣(qi)過程(cheng)在(zai)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)上框后(hou)、合(he)片(pian)前（如(ru)李(li)賽克(ke)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、百超生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)）完成(cheng)，具(ju)有自動(dong)化程(cheng)度(du)高(gao)、充(chong)氣(qi)時(shi)間短和(he)(he)濃(nong)度(du)穩定的(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)，缺點(dian)(dian)是惰性(xing)氣(qi)體(ti)浪費大；手(shou)工(gong)(gong)充(chong)氣(qi)在(zai)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)合(he)片(pian)之后(hou)，在(zai)二(er)道密(mi)封膠涂布之前或后(hou)離線(xian)(xian)(xian)進行(xing)。一般說(shuo)來，普通手(shou)工(gong)(gong)充(chong)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)是充(chong)氣(qi)速度(du)較慢、氣(qi)體(ti)耗量較高(gao)、濃(nong)度(du)低等。誠然(ran)，兩種充(chong)氣(qi)方(fang)式都需要生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)控制(zhi)，歐洲的(de)(de)一些玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)廠家正對在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)氣(qi)進行(xing)升級采(cai)用實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)控的(de)(de)辦法。

一般說來，手工(gong)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備的充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)方式主要(yao)有(you)三種：自然(ran)(ran)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)、充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進行(xing)、程(cheng)序控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進行(xing)。自然(ran)(ran)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)的流速(su)一般在(zai)5升/分鐘左右，充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)進行(xing)的流速(su)在(zai)12~18升/分鐘之間，程(cheng)序控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)的流速(su)可達90升/分鐘。

選擇(ze)中(zhong)空玻璃充(chong)氣(qi)設備主要(yao)需(xu)要(yao)考慮(lv)三方面(mian)問題：初始充(chong)氣(qi)濃度、充(chong)氣(qi)時間和氣(qi)體(ti)消耗(hao)量。對此，我們先依次分別敘述(shu)，然后綜合起來討(tao)論。

毋庸贅述，選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)玻璃(li)先考慮的(de)因素是(shi)(shi)(shi)設備的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量的(de)穩定性。提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)玻璃(li)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)度(du)的(de)關鍵在于充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備在充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中能(neng)(neng)否(fou)避開(kai)出(chu)現紊流，對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程進行(xing)(xing)實時監(jian)控。采用自然(ran)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)方法(fa)的(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)設備投資小，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)慢，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)沒(mei)有(you)保證，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體消耗量大，不適合大量中空(kong)玻璃(li)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)生產。第(di)2種方法(fa)即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與強制(zhi)抽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)步進行(xing)(xing)，雖然(ran)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速度(du)有(you)所提(ti)高(gao)從而(er)縮(suo)短(duan)了充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時間，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)強制(zhi)抽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容易(yi)導(dao)致空(kong)腔(qiang)內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體流動(dong)出(chu)現紊流，當傳感器測到(dao)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體并(bing)判斷(duan)達到(dao)所設置的(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)值時，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)玻璃(li)的(de)真(zhen)實濃(nong)(nong)度(du)。第(di)3種方法(fa)即(ji)程序控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與抽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其實質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程進行(xing)(xing)智能(neng)(neng)控制(zhi)，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓和(he)流量的(de)實時監(jian)控，很大地提(ti)高(gao)了充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速度(du)，避開(kai)了充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中可(ke)能(neng)(neng)產生的(de)紊流，從而(er)保證了所規定的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)。

5其他

為提高充(chong)氣(qi)中空(kong)玻璃的(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)體濃度(du)，還需注意其(qi)他一些細(xi)節。這里(li)只列出有關中空(kong)玻璃充(chong)氣(qi)時的(de)(de)立式(shi)擺放問題。充(chong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)中空(kong)玻璃的(de)(de)立式(shi)擺放，應盡可(ke)能(neng)短(duan)邊靠地；如長邊靠地的(de)(de)話，一般(ban)說來，應考慮適當(dang)延(yan)長充(chong)氣(qi)時間。

中空(kong)玻(bo)璃不(bu)能水平(ping)擺(bai)放充氣。有些公司在(zai)制作小片樣品時，將中空(kong)玻(bo)璃平(ping)放充氣，很難達到(dao)所(suo)需的濃(nong)度。

結語

充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)空玻璃(li)的(de)生產(chan)過程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃度(du)的(de)重(zhong)要保證(zheng)。相比之(zhi)下，充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)空玻璃(li)的(de)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)事(shi)后檢測，是(shi)保證(zheng)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)初(chu)始濃度(du)的(de)輔助手段。

紊流是造成我國中空玻璃充氣質量低的重要原因，使用智能控制充氣方法，不但能保證充氣過程的層流以達到標準所規定的初始濃度，而且具有充氣速度快和惰性氣體消耗量少的優點。此外，充氣設備的性價比好，貴州防火玻璃廠家具(ju)有投資較小、經用(yong)的特點，對于那些需提(ti)高(gao)充氣水(shui)平(ping)卻苦于找不(bu)到好的充氣方(fang)法的企業(ye)，不(bu)失(shi)為(wei)一種(zhong)較好的選擇(ze)。

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