關于中空玻璃充氣知識，貴州防火玻璃廠家為您介紹

中空玻璃充惰性氣體利于同時改良密封壽命和降低熱對流，而充氣中空玻璃所要的初始充氣濃度和氣密性，是解決這兩方面問題的基本保證。貴州防火玻璃廠家將討論提(ti)高充(chong)氣(qi)中空玻璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)初始濃度(du)所涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)有關問題(ti)，如充(chong)氣(qi)中空玻璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)生產過程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)產品質量(liang)檢測，旨在幫助那(nei)些已經對中空玻璃(li)充(chong)氣(qi)但濃度(du)低于90％和(he)那(nei)些正在考(kao)慮上中空玻璃(li)充(chong)氣(qi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)廠家選擇正確的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)設備(bei)。

1充氣的基本知識

一(yi)般說來(lai)，充氣(qi)中(zhong)空玻璃所使用的(de)惰(duo)性氣(qi)體為氬氣(qi)，具有(you)無(wu)色、無(wu)味(wei)、無(wu)毒(du)的(de)特點，其分(fen)子量較空氣(qi)重38％，導熱系(xi)數比空氣(qi)小。

由于氬(ya)氣的密度比(bi)空(kong)氣大，因此，在中空(kong)玻璃(li)充氣時，氬(ya)氣充（進）氣孔在下(xia)端(duan)(duan)、空(kong)氣的出（排）氣孔在上(shang)端(duan)(duan)，以置換(huan)出中空(kong)玻璃(li)內的空(kong)氣，達(da)到(dao)所需要的氬(ya)氣濃度。

中空玻璃的充(chong)氣(qi)過程實質上是流(liu)動(dong)氣(qi)體(ti)從(cong)一(yi)種運動(dong)狀(zhuang)態轉移到另一(yi)種狀(zhuang)態的過程，充(chong)氣(qi)質量(liang)高與否和氣(qi)體(ti)產生層流(liu)（laminar）抑或是紊流(liu)（turbulence）有關。因此，討論中空玻璃充(chong)氣(qi)質量(liang)不能離對于(yu)層流(liu)和紊流(liu)基本概念的討論。

層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)紊流(liu)(liu)(liu)是粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)動時慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)共(gong)同作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)動與(yu)理想流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)主要區別是微團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)受(shou)力(li)(li)(li)(li)除慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)外，還有粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。根(gen)據這兩(liang)種力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)特點，它們對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)微團(tuan)運(yun)動行(xing)(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)影響是不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)。按照定義，粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是阻止流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)微團(tuan)發生(sheng)相對(dui)(dui)運(yun)動，而慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)與(yu)粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)正好相反，因此在粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動中(zhong)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為決定于這兩(liang)種力(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。在粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)遠大于慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)條件(jian)下(xia)，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)動產生(sheng)層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，反之，在慣(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)遠大于粘(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)時，氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運(yun)動產生(sheng)紊流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

直觀(guan)地看，作為(wei)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動的(de)一種(zhong)簡單(dan)圖像，層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)可以看成是彼此相(xiang)鄰、并且具有“確定(ding)物(wu)質意義”的(de)流(liu)(liu)層(ceng)，或(huo)者(zhe)說是不(bu)存在相(xiang)互串動的(de)“流(liu)(liu)體(ti)線(xian)元”，進(jin)行滑(hua)移運(yun)(yun)動的(de)一種(zhong)延伸。簡單(dan)地說，層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)就是流(liu)(liu)體(ti)的(de)分層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)動。此時，運(yun)(yun)動中(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)承受牛(niu)頓粘性(xing)(xing)(xing)應力，與(yu)固體(ti)之間(jian)反抗彼此滑(hua)移運(yun)(yun)動的(de)力學機(ji)制沒有本質差異。紊流(liu)(liu)的(de)基(ji)本特點是有渦(wo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)規則性(xing)(xing)(xing)、隨機(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、擴散(san)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耗(hao)散(san)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃是一種(zhong)由(you)大(da)小不(bu)等、頻(pin)率不(bu)同的(de)旋渦(wo)結構組成，使其物(wu)理量對時間(jian)和(he)空(kong)間(jian)的(de)變化(hua)均表(biao)現(xian)出不(bu)規則的(de)隨機(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。

目前，我國中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量不高(gao)，在(zai)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)上是由充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊流所造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。假定(ding)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)器只識別中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔處收集(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，且充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)層流和(he)紊流終給出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)同(tong)樣符合(he)標(biao)準要求，人們用肉眼(yan)又無法(fa)區(qu)別哪片中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體在(zai)擴散(san)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)走向。如果(guo)采(cai)用高(gao)壓(ya)放電(dian)法(fa)對(dui)這類(lei)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)(shi)(shi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)進行在(zai)線檢測，所得出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)就會(hui)高(gao)出擴散(san)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。結果(guo)有兩種：1）如果(guo)廠(chang)(chang)家將存在(zai)紊流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品判斷為合(he)格交付客戶或送到(dao)實驗(yan)室(shi)檢測，擴散(san)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)就會(hui)低于開(kai)始(shi)(shi)(shi)測試的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。2）這種濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)明顯變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)會(hui)困惑生產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)家，因為產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密封并(bing)沒缺陷(xian)，且產(chan)品測試的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只是初始(shi)(shi)(shi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。

關于流體的層(ceng)流和紊(wen)流的上述(shu)表(biao)述(shu)，在于揭(jie)開中空玻璃充氣(qi)過(guo)程流體運動狀(zhuang)態轉變過(guo)程中出現紊(wen)流的可能性(xing)及其特點(dian)。

2紊(wen)流對(dui)充氣(qi)過程及濃度測(ce)量的影(ying)響(xiang)

充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)產生紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)時，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)腔體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不能被(bei)充(chong)(chong)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氬氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)置(zhi)(zhi)換掉，因此(ci)，存在(zai)紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)很難達(da)到標準所(suo)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。此(ci)外(wai)，充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)，使空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仍存在(zai)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)空(kong)腔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央位置(zhi)(zhi)。當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)現象時，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔傳感(gan)器(qi)所(suo)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)，一(yi)般說(shuo)來，應高于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)腔體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央湍流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴散需(xu)要6~8小時。如果使用(yong)該方(fang)法進(jin)行在(zai)線檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，則所(suo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)明顯高于擴散后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)。因此(ci)，我們(men)不能將這(zhe)(zhe)種檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)方(fang)法作為充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)線檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)手段。否則，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)內出(chu)(chu)(chu)現紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)現象條件下，會給(gei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)人員錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷。如存在(zai)紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)，采用(yong)高壓放電(dian)法檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)應盡可(ke)能靠近間隔(ge)條位置(zhi)(zhi)（見圖(tu)4）。按照廠(chang)家建議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量點，正(zheng)好避開了充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，即空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位置(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)給(gei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)。因此(ci)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)放置(zhi)(zhi)6~8小時后，得出(chu)(chu)(chu)正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)數字。據調查(cha)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠(chang)家自檢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)初始(shi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)在(zai)90％以(yi)上(shang)，但經(jing)第三(san)方(fang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量實(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)低于90％，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還足(zu)70％。通(tong)過對這(zhe)(zhe)些濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)差別大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)玻璃(li)(li)(li)(li)密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)觀(guan)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，我們(men)很難能找出(chu)(chu)(chu)密(mi)封缺陷，因此(ci)，我們(men)推斷出(chu)(chu)(chu)現這(zhe)(zhe)種現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)，是由于紊(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)(liu)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

但是，這種(zhong)檢測方(fang)法屬于產品質量的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)后檢測。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃放置6-8小時(shi)后，二(er)道密封(feng)膠基本固化，如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)達不到(dao)(dao)要求，則對已充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)空(kong)玻璃的(de)(de)(de)返(fan)工(gong)是一件費(fei)時(shi)費(fei)力的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情。此外還有兩種(zhong)可(ke)能：（1）如果對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)方(fang)法不改(gai)進的(de)(de)(de)話，我們仍(reng)無法保(bao)(bao)證返(fan)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)產品的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)濃度(du)達到(dao)(dao)要求；（2）采用普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)方(fang)法，即自然充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與強制抽氣(qi)(qi)法，不可(ke)避開發生紊(wen)流現象，即使是隨機抽查檢測的(de)(de)(de)玻璃達到(dao)(dao)濃度(du)要求，除非我們有充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)每片玻璃的(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)監控(kong)數字，否則，我們也(ye)無法確(que)切地保(bao)(bao)證整個批次的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)玻璃都合格。

由此可見(jian)，除非我們采用的充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備能(neng)夠有效地避開紊流出現、抑或始終保持充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過程的穩定的層(ceng)流，否(fou)則，我們就不能(neng)排除在線檢測的濃(nong)度(du)的真偽。進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)說，在此條件下，我們保證充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻(bo)璃的濃(nong)度(du)的正確方法，只(zhi)能(neng)是(shi)對充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻(bo)璃的生(sheng)產過程進(jin)(jin)行控制，而(er)不是(shi)產品的質量控制。

3充氣中空玻璃的生(sheng)產(chan)控(kong)制

充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻璃的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)（production process control）概念是(shi)，為(wei)保持(chi)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻璃生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)處(chu)于受控(kong)(kong)狀態，對(dui)影響充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)采取的(de)(de)作業技術和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)分析、診斷和(he)實時(shi)監控(kong)(kong)。它的(de)(de)作用在(zai)于對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)進行(xing)系統安排，對(dui)直接或間(jian)接影響過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)因素(su)進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)并制(zhi)定實施控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)計劃，確認過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。氬氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)無色無味氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體，其充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)不易測量(liang)。目前的(de)(de)測試方(fang)法大體可以分為(wei)兩種：（1）傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器對(dui)從(cong)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔所(suo)收集的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體與所(suo)設置(zhi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)相比較，以判斷是(shi)否達到(dao)要(yao)求(qiu)；（2）傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器對(dui)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔所(suo)收集的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體與所(suo)設置(zhi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)進行(xing)動態比較并給出(chu)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)和(he)流速等實時(shi)曲線，不但從(cong)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)上(shang)判斷而(er)且從(cong)曲線形狀上(shang)判斷，充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)實際濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)。二(er)(er)者相比，由于二(er)(er)種方(fang)法不只是(shi)兩個值的(de)(de)比較，而(er)是(shi)對(dui)整個充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)描(miao)述。

充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)濃度(du)的(de)(de)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)（quality control）的(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事后(hou)性，屬(shu)于不合(he)格產品檢(jian)測。歐(ou)洲中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)標準EN1279-6的(de)(de)生產控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)實際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)合(he)片濃度(du)的(de)(de)測量，應該理解為對(dui)產品的(de)(de)質量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)或檢(jian)測，而不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真正意義上(shang)的(de)(de)生產過(guo)程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)初始濃度(du)的(de)(de)抽(chou)樣檢(jian)測規定，1片/1000片/班(ban)，至(zhi)少3片，當(dang)每(mei)班(ban)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)不足100片時，抽(chou)查1片。充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)中(zhong)的(de)(de)氬氣(qi)需要大約6~8小時才(cai)能(neng)完全(quan)擴(kuo)散(san)，因(yin)此，對(dui)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)氬氣(qi)初始濃度(du)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測需在(zai)氣(qi)體(ti)擴(kuo)散(san)后(hou)才(cai)能(neng)進(jin)行。因(yin)此，無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)濃度(du)的(de)(de)在(zai)線檢(jian)測抑或是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)惰(duo)性氣(qi)體(ti)擴(kuo)散(san)的(de)(de)6~8小時后(hou)再(zai)檢(jian)測，都(dou)只能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)產品合(he)格與否的(de)(de)判斷。假如這種抽(chou)樣檢(jian)測的(de)(de)結(jie)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總體(ti)不合(he)格，則問(wen)題的(de)(de)發現(xian)已經為時過(guo)晚。

貴州防火玻璃廠家綜(zong)上所述，造成充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃初始濃(nong)度低(di)的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因在(zai)于充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出現的(de)紊流現象(xiang)。對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃生產控制(zhi)的(de)意義在(zai)于對(dui)整(zheng)個充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)過程(cheng)進行實時監控，從(cong)而有效地避開(kai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可能出現的(de)紊流現象(xiang)，提高和保(bao)證(zheng)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)質量的(de)穩(wen)定性。

4智能充氣技術

在(zai)(zai)清(qing)楚中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理、充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，我們要考慮(lv)一(yi)下主要的充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)具體(ti)方式(shi)。概(gai)括地說，選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備可以(yi)從設備的技(ji)術(shu)(shu)特點(dian)考慮(lv)。從與中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)結合(he)的上(shang)看(kan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)分為在(zai)(zai)線(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)離(li)線(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)；從生(sheng)產(chan)自(zi)動化程(cheng)(cheng)度看(kan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)分為自(zi)動化充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)手(shou)工充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。一(yi)般說來，在(zai)(zai)線(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，顧名思義，是(shi)指(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)工藝(yi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)上(shang)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)上(shang)框后(hou)(hou)、合(he)片(pian)前（如李賽克生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)、百超(chao)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)）完成，具有自(zi)動化程(cheng)(cheng)度高、充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時間短和(he)(he)(he)濃(nong)度穩定的優點(dian)，缺點(dian)是(shi)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)浪費(fei)大；手(shou)工充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)中空(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)制合(he)片(pian)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)二道密(mi)封膠(jiao)涂布之(zhi)前或后(hou)(hou)離(li)線(xian)進行。一(yi)般說來，普(pu)通手(shou)工充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備的特點(dian)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)速度較慢(man)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)耗(hao)量(liang)較高、濃(nong)度低等。誠(cheng)然，兩種充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)方式(shi)都需(xu)要生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控制，歐洲(zhou)的一(yi)些玻璃(li)(li)廠家正對在(zai)(zai)線(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進行升級采用實時監(jian)控的辦(ban)法。

一(yi)般(ban)說來，手工充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)設備的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)方式(shi)主要有(you)三種：自(zi)然充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)、充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與(yu)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)、程(cheng)(cheng)序控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與(yu)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。自(zi)然充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速(su)一(yi)般(ban)在5升(sheng)/分鐘(zhong)(zhong)左右，充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)與(yu)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速(su)在12~18升(sheng)/分鐘(zhong)(zhong)之間，程(cheng)(cheng)序控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速(su)可達90升(sheng)/分鐘(zhong)(zhong)。

選擇中空玻璃充氣設備主(zhu)要(yao)需要(yao)考慮(lv)三方(fang)面問題：初始充氣濃度、充氣時間和氣體消耗量。對此，我們先(xian)依(yi)次分(fen)別敘(xu)述，然后(hou)綜合起來(lai)討論。

毋庸贅述(shu)，選擇充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)先考慮的(de)(de)因素是(shi)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)穩定性。提高充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃(nong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)關鍵在(zai)于充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中能否避開出現(xian)紊(wen)流，對(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)實時監控(kong)。采用(yong)自然充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)法的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)設(she)備(bei)投資小，但(dan)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速度(du)(du)過(guo)慢，充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)沒有保證，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)消耗量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)，不(bu)(bu)適合大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)生產。第2種(zhong)方(fang)法即充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)強(qiang)制抽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同步進行(xing)，雖然充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速度(du)(du)有所提高從(cong)而縮短了(le)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時間(jian)，但(dan)是(shi)強(qiang)制抽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容易(yi)導致空(kong)腔內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)流動出現(xian)紊(wen)流，當傳感(gan)器測到惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)并判斷(duan)達到所設(she)置的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)值時，可(ke)(ke)能并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)玻(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)真(zhen)實濃(nong)度(du)(du)。第3種(zhong)方(fang)法即程(cheng)(cheng)序控(kong)制充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)抽氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)實質是(shi)對(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)智能控(kong)制，通過(guo)對(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓和(he)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)實時監控(kong)，很大(da)地(di)提高了(le)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速度(du)(du)，避開了(le)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中可(ke)(ke)能產生的(de)(de)紊(wen)流，從(cong)而保證了(le)所規定的(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)。

5其他

為(wei)提高充(chong)氣(qi)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)惰性氣(qi)體濃(nong)度(du)，還需注意(yi)其(qi)他(ta)一些細節。這里只列(lie)出有關(guan)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)充(chong)氣(qi)時(shi)的(de)立(li)式(shi)擺放問題。充(chong)氣(qi)的(de)中空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)立(li)式(shi)擺放，應盡(jin)可能短邊靠(kao)地(di)；如長邊靠(kao)地(di)的(de)話，一般說來，應考(kao)慮適(shi)當(dang)延長充(chong)氣(qi)時(shi)間。

中空玻璃不能水平擺放(fang)(fang)充(chong)氣。有些(xie)公司(si)在制作(zuo)小(xiao)片樣品時(shi)，將中空玻璃平放(fang)(fang)充(chong)氣，很(hen)難達到所需(xu)的濃度。

結語

充(chong)氣中空(kong)玻(bo)璃的生(sheng)產過程控(kong)制是(shi)提(ti)高充(chong)氣濃(nong)(nong)度(du)的重要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)。相比(bi)之下，充(chong)氣中空(kong)玻(bo)璃的質量(liang)控(kong)制是(shi)事后檢測，是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)充(chong)氣初始濃(nong)(nong)度(du)的輔助(zhu)手段(duan)。

紊流是造成我國中空玻璃充氣質量低的重要原因，使用智能控制充氣方法，不但能保證充氣過程的層流以達到標準所規定的初始濃度，而且具有充氣速度快和惰性氣體消耗量少的優點。此外，充氣設備的性價比好，貴州防火玻璃廠家具有投資(zi)較小(xiao)、經(jing)用的(de)特點，對(dui)于(yu)那些需(xu)提高充氣(qi)水平卻(que)苦于(yu)找不(bu)到好的(de)充氣(qi)方法的(de)企業，不(bu)失為(wei)一種(zhong)較好的(de)選擇。

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