關于中空玻璃充氣知識，貴州防火玻璃廠家為您介紹

中空玻璃充惰性氣體利于同時改良密封壽命和降低熱對流，而充氣中空玻璃所要的初始充氣濃度和氣密性，是解決這兩方面問題的基本保證。貴州防火玻璃廠家將討論提高充氣中(zhong)空玻璃(li)(li)的(de)初始濃度所涉及的(de)有關問題，如充氣中(zhong)空玻璃(li)(li)的(de)生(sheng)產過程(cheng)控制和(he)產品質量檢(jian)測，旨在幫助那(nei)些(xie)已經對(dui)中(zhong)空玻璃(li)(li)充氣但(dan)濃度低(di)于90％和(he)那(nei)些(xie)正在考(kao)慮上中(zhong)空玻璃(li)(li)充氣設備的(de)廠家選(xuan)擇正確的(de)充氣設備。

1充氣的基本知識

一(yi)般說來，充氣中空玻璃所(suo)使用的(de)惰性氣體為氬氣，具有無(wu)色、無(wu)味、無(wu)毒(du)的(de)特點，其分子量較空氣重(zhong)38％，導熱系數比空氣小。

由于(yu)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)的密度(du)比空氣(qi)(qi)大，因此，在中(zhong)空玻(bo)璃充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)時，氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)充(chong)（進）氣(qi)(qi)孔在下端、空氣(qi)(qi)的出（排(pai)）氣(qi)(qi)孔在上端，以置換出中(zhong)空玻(bo)璃內的空氣(qi)(qi)，達(da)到所(suo)需要(yao)的氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)濃度(du)。

中空玻(bo)璃的充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)過(guo)程實質上是(shi)流動(dong)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)從(cong)一種運(yun)動(dong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉移(yi)到另一種狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的過(guo)程，充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)質量高與否和(he)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)產生層流（laminar）抑(yi)或是(shi)紊流（turbulence）有關。因此，討論(lun)(lun)中空玻(bo)璃充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)質量不能離對于層流和(he)紊流基本概念的討論(lun)(lun)。

層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)時慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)共同作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的結果(guo)。粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)與理想流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的主(zhu)要區別是(shi)(shi)微團的受力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)除慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外，還(huan)有粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。根(gen)據這兩(liang)種力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的特點，它們(men)對(dui)(dui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)微團運(yun)動(dong)(dong)行為的影(ying)響是(shi)(shi)不同的。按照(zhao)定(ding)義，粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)阻(zu)止流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)微團發(fa)生相對(dui)(dui)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，而慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)與粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)好相反，因此在(zai)粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)中，流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)的行為決定(ding)于這兩(liang)種力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的結果(guo)。在(zai)粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)遠大于慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件下(xia)，氣體(ti)(ti)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)產生層(ceng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，反之(zhi)，在(zai)慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)遠大于粘(zhan)(zhan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時，氣體(ti)(ti)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)產生紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。

直觀地看，作為(wei)流體(ti)運(yun)動的(de)(de)一(yi)種簡單(dan)圖像，層(ceng)流可以看成(cheng)是(shi)(shi)彼此相(xiang)(xiang)鄰、并(bing)且具有“確(que)定物(wu)質(zhi)意(yi)義”的(de)(de)流層(ceng)，或者(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)存在相(xiang)(xiang)互串動的(de)(de)“流體(ti)線元”，進行滑移運(yun)動的(de)(de)一(yi)種延伸。簡單(dan)地說(shuo)(shuo)，層(ceng)流就是(shi)(shi)流體(ti)的(de)(de)分層(ceng)流動。此時(shi)，運(yun)動中流體(ti)承受牛頓(dun)粘性應力，與固(gu)體(ti)之間(jian)反抗彼此滑移運(yun)動的(de)(de)力學機制沒(mei)有本質(zhi)差異。紊流的(de)(de)基本特點是(shi)(shi)有渦性、不(bu)規則性、隨(sui)機性、擴散性和(he)耗(hao)散性，中空(kong)玻璃是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種由大小不(bu)等、頻率不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)旋(xuan)渦結構組成(cheng)，使其物(wu)理量(liang)對時(shi)間(jian)和(he)空(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)變(bian)化均表現出不(bu)規則的(de)(de)隨(sui)機性。

目前，我(wo)國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質量不高，在很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度上(shang)是由充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)(wen)流所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)。假定充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)器只識別中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔處收(shou)集到的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度，且充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)層流和紊(wen)(wen)流終給出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體濃(nong)度同樣符合標準要求(qiu)，人(ren)們用肉眼又無法區別哪片中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體在擴(kuo)散后的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度走向。如果采用高壓放電法對這類充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)(shi)濃(nong)度進行在線檢測，所(suo)得出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度就(jiu)會高出(chu)擴(kuo)散后的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際濃(nong)度。結果有兩種：1）如果廠(chang)家(jia)將(jiang)存在紊(wen)(wen)流的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品判斷為合格(ge)交付(fu)客戶或送到實(shi)驗室檢測，擴(kuo)散后的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際濃(nong)度就(jiu)會低于開始(shi)(shi)測試的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度。2）這種濃(nong)度明顯(xian)變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)會困惑生產(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)，因為產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)密封并沒(mei)缺(que)陷(xian)，且產(chan)(chan)品測試的(de)(de)(de)只是初始(shi)(shi)濃(nong)度。

關于(yu)流體的層流和紊流的上述(shu)表述(shu)，在于(yu)揭開中(zhong)空玻璃充氣過程(cheng)流體運(yun)動狀態轉變(bian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)紊流的可能性及其特點。

2紊流(liu)對充氣過程及濃度測量的影(ying)響

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)產生(sheng)紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)腔(qiang)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)能(neng)被充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氬氣(qi)(qi)(qi)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)換掉，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此，存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)很難(nan)達到(dao)標準所(suo)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。此外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)，使空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)仍存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)出(chu)現紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)現象時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔傳感(gan)器所(suo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)，一般說來，應高(gao)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)腔(qiang)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央湍流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴散需要6~8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。如果使用該方法(fa)進行在(zai)(zai)線(xian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)，則所(suo)測(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)明顯高(gao)于擴散后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際濃(nong)度(du)(du)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此，我們不(bu)能(neng)將這種檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)方法(fa)作為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)手(shou)段。否則，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)內(nei)出(chu)現紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)現象條(tiao)件下，會(hui)給(gei)出(chu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)人(ren)員錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷。如存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)，采用高(gao)壓(ya)放電法(fa)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應盡(jin)可能(neng)靠近間隔條(tiao)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（見圖4）。按照廠(chang)家建議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個測(ce)量點(dian)，正好避開了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，即(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)給(gei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)為惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)放置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)6~8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)后，得出(chu)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)數(shu)字。據調查，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠(chang)家自檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)(li)初始(shi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)90％以上，但經第(di)三方測(ce)量實際濃(nong)度(du)(du)低于90％，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還足70％。通(tong)過(guo)對這些(xie)濃(nong)度(du)(du)差(cha)別(bie)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)玻璃(li)(li)(li)密封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)，我們很難(nan)能(neng)找(zhao)出(chu)密封(feng)缺陷，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此，我們推斷出(chu)現這種現象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)一，是由于紊(wen)流(liu)(liu)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

但是，這種檢測(ce)(ce)方法(fa)(fa)屬(shu)于產品質量的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)后(hou)檢測(ce)(ce)。充(chong)氣(qi)中空(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)放置6-8小時(shi)后(hou)，二道密封膠基本(ben)固化，如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)氣(qi)中空(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)達(da)不(bu)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，則對(dui)已充(chong)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)中空(kong)(kong)玻璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)返工(gong)是一件(jian)費(fei)時(shi)費(fei)力的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情。此外還有兩種可能：（1）如(ru)果(guo)對(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)方法(fa)(fa)不(bu)改進的(de)(de)(de)話，我(wo)們(men)仍(reng)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)保證(zheng)返工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)產品的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)達(da)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；（2）采用普通的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)方法(fa)(fa)，即自(zi)然充(chong)氣(qi)和充(chong)氣(qi)與強制抽(chou)氣(qi)法(fa)(fa)，不(bu)可避開發生紊流現(xian)象，即使(shi)是隨機抽(chou)查檢測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)玻璃(li)(li)達(da)到(dao)濃(nong)度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，除(chu)非我(wo)們(men)有充(chong)氣(qi)過程(cheng)每片玻璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)監控(kong)數字，否則，我(wo)們(men)也(ye)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)確切地(di)保證(zheng)整個批次的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)氣(qi)玻璃(li)(li)都合格。

由此可見，除非我們(men)(men)采用(yong)的充氣設備能(neng)夠有效(xiao)地避開紊流(liu)出現、抑(yi)或始終保(bao)持充氣過程的穩(wen)定的層流(liu)，否(fou)則，我們(men)(men)就不能(neng)排除在(zai)線檢測的濃度(du)的真(zhen)偽。進一步說，在(zai)此條件(jian)下，我們(men)(men)保(bao)證充氣中空玻璃的濃度(du)的正確方(fang)法(fa)，只能(neng)是對充氣中空玻璃的生(sheng)產過程進行控制，而不是產品的質量控制。

3充(chong)氣中(zhong)空玻璃的生產控制

充氣(qi)中空(kong)玻璃的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控制(zhi)（production process control）概念(nian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，為保持充氣(qi)中空(kong)玻璃生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處于(yu)受(shou)控狀(zhuang)態，對(dui)(dui)影響充氣(qi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)采取的(de)作業技術和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)分析(xi)、診斷(duan)和實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)監控。它(ta)的(de)作用在于(yu)對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)系統(tong)安(an)排(pai)，對(dui)(dui)直接(jie)或間接(jie)影響過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)因(yin)素進(jin)行(xing)控制(zhi)并制(zhi)定實(shi)(shi)施控制(zhi)計劃(hua)，確認(ren)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量。氬(ya)氣(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無色無味氣(qi)體(ti)，其(qi)充氣(qi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度不易測(ce)量。目前的(de)測(ce)試(shi)方法大體(ti)可以(yi)分為兩種(zhong)：（1）傳感器對(dui)(dui)從(cong)排(pai)氣(qi)孔所(suo)收集的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)與所(suo)設(she)(she)置的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度相(xiang)比較(jiao)，以(yi)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)達到要(yao)求；（2）傳感器對(dui)(dui)排(pai)氣(qi)孔所(suo)收集的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)與所(suo)設(she)(she)置的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度進(jin)行(xing)動態比較(jiao)并給出濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度、氣(qi)壓和流速等實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)曲線，不但從(cong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度上判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)而且(qie)從(cong)曲線形狀(zhuang)上判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)，充氣(qi)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度。二(er)者相(xiang)比，由于(yu)二(er)種(zhong)方法不只是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩個值的(de)比較(jiao)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)整(zheng)個充氣(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)描(miao)述(shu)。

充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)濃(nong)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)（quality control）的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)事后性(xing)，屬于不(bu)合格(ge)產品(pin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。歐(ou)洲中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)標準EN1279-6的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產控制(zhi)實際上是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)合片(pian)濃(nong)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，應該理(li)解(jie)為(wei)(wei)對(dui)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)或(huo)(huo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)真正意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產過程控制(zhi)。對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)初始濃(nong)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)(chou)樣檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)規定，1片(pian)/1000片(pian)/班(ban)，至少3片(pian)，當每班(ban)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)不(bu)足100片(pian)時(shi)(shi)，抽(chou)(chou)查(cha)1片(pian)。充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氬(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)需要大(da)約6~8小時(shi)(shi)才能完全擴(kuo)散(san)，因此(ci)，對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)氬(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)初始濃(nong)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)需在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體擴(kuo)散(san)后才能進行。因此(ci)，無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)玻(bo)璃(li)濃(nong)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)線檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)抑或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體擴(kuo)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)6~8小時(shi)(shi)后再檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，都(dou)只能是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)產品(pin)合格(ge)與否的(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷。假(jia)如這種抽(chou)(chou)樣檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果是(shi)(shi)(shi)總體不(bu)合格(ge)，則問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian)已經為(wei)(wei)時(shi)(shi)過晚(wan)。

貴州防火玻璃廠家綜上所述，造成充(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空玻璃初始濃(nong)度低的主(zhu)要原因(yin)在(zai)于充(chong)氣(qi)過程中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)的紊流現(xian)象(xiang)。對(dui)充(chong)氣(qi)中(zhong)空玻璃生產(chan)控(kong)制的意(yi)義在(zai)于對(dui)整個(ge)充(chong)氣(qi)過程進行實時監控(kong)，從而有效地避開中(zhong)空玻璃充(chong)氣(qi)過程中(zhong)可能出(chu)現(xian)的紊流現(xian)象(xiang)，提(ti)高和保證(zheng)充(chong)氣(qi)質量的穩定性。

4智能充氣技術

在(zai)(zai)清楚中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理、充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)，我們要考慮一(yi)下(xia)主要的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)技術和(he)具體(ti)方式。概括地(di)說(shuo)，選擇(ze)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)設備可以從(cong)設備的(de)(de)(de)技術特點考慮。從(cong)與中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)結合的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)看(kan)(kan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)技術分為(wei)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)離線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)；從(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)自動(dong)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度看(kan)(kan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)技術分為(wei)自動(dong)化(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)和(he)手工充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)。一(yi)般(ban)說(shuo)來(lai)，在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)，顧名思義(yi)，是(shi)指充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)工藝是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)上(shang)框(kuang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)、合片(pian)前（如李賽克(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百超生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）完成，具有自動(dong)化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度高(gao)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)時間短和(he)濃度穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)優點，缺點是(shi)惰性氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)浪費大；手工充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)制合片(pian)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)二道密封膠(jiao)涂布之前或后(hou)(hou)(hou)離線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)行。一(yi)般(ban)說(shuo)來(lai)，普通手工充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)設備的(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)速度較慢、氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)耗(hao)量較高(gao)、濃度低等。誠然，兩種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)方式都需要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控制，歐(ou)洲的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)廠家正對(dui)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)進(jin)行升級采(cai)用實時監控的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)。

一般(ban)說來，手工(gong)充氣(qi)設備的(de)充氣(qi)方式主要有三種：自(zi)然充氣(qi)、充氣(qi)與排氣(qi)同(tong)時進行(xing)、程序控制(zhi)充氣(qi)與排氣(qi)過(guo)程同(tong)時進行(xing)。自(zi)然充氣(qi)的(de)流(liu)速一般(ban)在(zai)5升(sheng)/分(fen)(fen)鐘左右，充氣(qi)與排氣(qi)同(tong)時進行(xing)的(de)流(liu)速在(zai)12~18升(sheng)/分(fen)(fen)鐘之間，程序控制(zhi)充排氣(qi)過(guo)程的(de)流(liu)速可達90升(sheng)/分(fen)(fen)鐘。

選擇中空玻(bo)璃充氣設備主要(yao)需要(yao)考慮三方面問題：初始充氣濃度、充氣時(shi)間和氣體消耗(hao)量。對(dui)此，我們先依次分別(bie)敘述，然后綜合起(qi)來(lai)討論。

毋庸贅述，選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻(bo)(bo)璃先考(kao)慮的(de)因素是設(she)備的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質量的(de)穩定性(xing)。提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中空玻(bo)(bo)璃惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)濃度(du)的(de)關鍵在于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程中能否避開(kai)出現紊(wen)(wen)流，對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程進(jin)行實(shi)時(shi)監控。采用(yong)自然(ran)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)特點是設(she)備投資(zi)小，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)度(du)過(guo)(guo)慢(man)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃度(du)沒有保(bao)證(zheng)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)消耗量大，不適合大量中空玻(bo)(bo)璃充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)生產。第2種方(fang)(fang)法即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)與強制抽(chou)(chou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)步進(jin)行，雖然(ran)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)度(du)有所提(ti)高(gao)從而縮短了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)間，但(dan)是強制抽(chou)(chou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)容易(yi)導致(zhi)空腔(qiang)內(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)流動出現紊(wen)(wen)流，當傳感(gan)器(qi)測到(dao)惰性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)(bing)判斷達到(dao)所設(she)置的(de)濃度(du)值(zhi)時(shi)，可能并(bing)(bing)不是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)玻(bo)(bo)璃的(de)真實(shi)濃度(du)。第3種方(fang)(fang)法即程序(xu)控制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)與抽(chou)(chou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，其實(shi)質是對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程進(jin)行智能控制，通過(guo)(guo)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)和流量的(de)實(shi)時(shi)監控，很大地(di)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)度(du)，避開(kai)了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)程中可能產生的(de)紊(wen)(wen)流，從而保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)所規定的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃度(du)。

5其他

為提高充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)惰性氣(qi)體濃度(du)，還需注意(yi)其(qi)他一些細節。這里只列(lie)出(chu)有(you)關中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)時的(de)立(li)式(shi)擺放問題。充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)的(de)中空玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)立(li)式(shi)擺放，應(ying)盡可能短邊靠地(di)；如(ru)長(chang)邊靠地(di)的(de)話，一般說來，應(ying)考慮適當(dang)延長(chang)充(chong)(chong)氣(qi)時間。

中空玻璃不能水(shui)平擺(bai)放(fang)充(chong)氣。有些公司在制作小片樣品時(shi)，將(jiang)中空玻璃平放(fang)充(chong)氣，很難達到所需的濃度(du)。

結語

充氣中空(kong)玻(bo)璃的生(sheng)產過程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)是提高充氣濃度的重要保證(zheng)。相比之(zhi)下(xia)，充氣中空(kong)玻(bo)璃的質量控(kong)制(zhi)是事后(hou)檢測，是保證(zheng)充氣初始濃度的輔(fu)助(zhu)手段。

紊流是造成我國中空玻璃充氣質量低的重要原因，使用智能控制充氣方法，不但能保證充氣過程的層流以達到標準所規定的初始濃度，而且具有充氣速度快和惰性氣體消耗量少的優點。此外，充氣設備的性價比好，貴州防火玻璃廠家具有投(tou)資較(jiao)小、經用的特點，對(dui)于那些需提高充(chong)氣(qi)水平卻苦(ku)于找不到好(hao)的充(chong)氣(qi)方法的企業，不失為一種較(jiao)好(hao)的選擇。

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